据天然气加工新闻网1月6日报道，根据Refinitiv的数据显示，欧洲的高需求推动去年12月美国液化天然气出口达到创纪录水平，冬季供应担忧将维持对该燃料的需求。
根据Refinitiv和美国能源情报署(Energy Information Administration)的数据显示，上个月美国创纪录的液化天然气出货量中，约有一半运往欧洲，高于2021年初的37%。
这些上涨反映出家庭取暖和工业燃料的需求飙升，将欧洲和亚洲的价格推至创历史新高。过去 20 年来，美国页岩油和页岩气的繁荣导致国内产量超过美国需求约10%，因此美国拥有充足且廉价的供应。
根据船舶跟踪数据显示，上个月106艘船的液化天然气约为715万吨，较去年同期89艘船的614万吨增加了16%。这超过了去年5月份创下的651万吨的纪录。
作为欧洲天然气价格基准的荷兰天然气价格自去年12月底以来已经下降，其相对于亚洲的溢价也随之降低。周三，日本韩国市场(JKM)亚洲现货天然气价格为每百万英热单位34.19美元，较欧洲高出约4美元。
据知情人士透露，原本运往欧洲的两批液化天然气货物本月已改道，其中一批运往亚洲。这与去年年底的情况正好相反，当时至少有10艘前往亚洲的货物被价格差异所吸引而转向欧洲。
咨询公司雷斯塔能源(Rystad Energy)高级分析师Wei Xiong表示，从亚洲转移液化天然气是一种有用的权宜之计，但不能持久地替代稳定的管道供应。
她补充称，亚洲的液化气需求可能会在1月跃升，阻止进一步向欧洲转移。
数据提供商Kpler的高级商品分析师Reid I'Anson表示，目前价格波动剧烈。
I'Anson表示，尽管亚洲的LNG价格高于欧洲，降低了美国对欧洲出口创下新纪录的可能性，但如果那里气温骤降，供应可能再次发生变化。
本月，英国、荷兰和比利时的港口约有30艘液化天然气油轮计划交付，其中至少有13艘来自美国。
虽然美国拥有丰富的天然气，但其加工和冷却能力有限。去年12月，流向美国LNG出口工厂的天然气达到创纪录的122亿立方英尺/天，约为最大加工能力。
去年，美国没有批准任何液化天然气加工厂，而过去几年提出的近十家工厂仍在等待财务承诺。
近年来，随着国际贸易紧张关系的加剧，以及最近疫情期间天然气价格的下跌，新液化天然气项目的支出下降。
郝芬 译自 天然气加工新闻网
原文如下：
Gas gap in Europe drives U.S. LNG exports to record high
Sky-high European demand drove U.S. LNG exports to a record in December, Refinitiv data showed, with winter supply worries set to sustain orders for the fuel.
about half of the record U.S. LNG volumes shipped last month went to Europe, up from 37% earlier in 2021, data from Refinitiv and the U.S. Energy Information Administration showed.
The gains reflected soaring demand for the home heating and industrial fuel that pushed prices in Europe and Asia to record highs. The U.s. has ample and cheap supplies as its shale oil and gas boom in the last two decades led to domestic production that has exceeded U.S. demand by about 10%.
Vessel tracking data showed about 7.15 MM tons of LNG were shipped last month on 106 vessels, up 16% compared to 6.14 MM tons on 89 vessels the same month a year ago. That topped the previous record of 6.51 MM tons set in May.
Dutch gas prices, the European benchmark, have cooled since late December removing their premium to Asia. On Wednesday, the Japan Korea Marker (JKM) price for Asia spot gas was $34.19 per MM British thermal units, a premium of about $4 to Europe.
Two LNG cargoes originally destined for Europe have been re-routed this month, people familiar with the matter said, with one heading to Asia. That is a reversal to late last year when at least 10 cargoes heading for Asia were re-routed to Europe attracted by the price differential.
"LNG diversions from Asia are a useful stop-gap measure but are not a sustainable substitute for stable pipeline supplies," Wei Xiong senior analyst at consultancy Rystad Energy, said.
LNG demand in Asia may jump in January, halting further diversions to Europe, she added.
"Prices are volatile right now," said Reid I'Anson, senior commodity analyst at data provider Kpler.
While LNG prices being higher in Asia than in Europe lowers the likelihood of a new record for U.S. exports to Europe, flows could shift again if temperatures tumble there, I'Anson said.
Ports in Britain, the Netherlands and Belgium have around 30 LNG tankers scheduled for delivery this month, with at least 13 arriving from the U.S.
While the United States has plentiful natural gas, its processing and chilling capacity is limited. Gas flowing to U.S. LNG export plants in December hit a record 12.2 Bft3d, about the maximum processing capacity.
There were no LNG processing plants approved in the U.S. last year, while nearly a dozen plants proposed in past years are still awaiting financial commitments.
Spending on new LNG projects fell in recent years as trade tensions between the two countries as gas prices fell during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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