据今日油价网站2月11日消息 美国能源信息管理署（EIA）周五表示，随着地区产量大幅下降，欧盟和英国对天然气进口的依赖从2010年的65%跃升至2020年的80%。
对天然气进口的高度依赖和储存的天然气水平较低，是导致欧洲天然气和电力危机的主要原因。过去几个月，欧洲的能源成本飙升。
根据EIA的数据，2020年进入欧盟和英国地区的管道天然气进口量占所有天然气进口量的74%，液化天然气占进口量的其余26%。
最大的管道天然气供应商是俄罗斯，英国和欧盟27个成员国消耗的天然气超过三分之一。
EIA指出，尽管修建了新的管道，但2010年至2020年间，来自挪威（非欧盟成员国）的进口量平均约为90亿立方英尺/日，因为挪威大陆架巴伦支海新油田的开发不足以抵消北海成熟油田的下降。
海洋产业组织OGUK表示，英国是与挪威并列的欧洲主要天然气生产国，除非批准并开发新的海上油田，否则到2030年，英国的天然气产量可能会下降75%。
该行业协会指出，如果不对北海的新气田进行新的投资，英国将更容易受到危机的影响，比如目前俄罗斯和乌克兰之间的危机。
惠誉评级公司表示，低库存、俄罗斯巨头俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司的交付量减少，以及地缘政治紧张局势加剧，导致欧洲天然气市场本已紧张，并促使人们寻求更多供应。
惠誉在本周的一份分析报告中表示：“虽然欧洲短期内仍将依赖俄罗斯的天然气供应，但从长期来看，这可能会导致供应基础更加多样化，能源转型速度更快。”
王磊 摘译自 今日油价
原文如下：
Europe’s Dependence On Natural Gas imports Hits 80%
The European Union and the UK have seen their dependence on natural gas imports jump to 80 percent in 2020 from 65 percent in 2010, as regional production plunged, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said on Friday.
The high dependence on gas imports and the low levels of gas in storage have played the main role leading up to the gas and power crisis in Europe, where energy costs have soared over the past few months.
In 2020, pipeline natural gas imports into the EU plus the UK region accounted for 74 percent of all natural gas imports, and LNG accounted for the remaining 26 percent of imports, according to EIA data.
The largest pipeline gas supplier is Russia, with over one-third of all the gas the UK and the 27 member states of the EU consume.
Despite the construction of new pipelines, imports from Norway – not an EU member – averaged around 9 Bcf/d between 2010 and 2020, as the development of new fields in the Barents Sea of the Norwegian Continental Shelf was insufficient to offset declines from mature fields in the North Sea, the EIA noted.
The UK, a major European natural gas producer alongside Norway, could see gas production plunge by 75 percent by 2030 unless new offshore fields are approved and developed, the offshore industry body OGUK says.
Without new investment in new gas fields in the North Sea, the UK will be left more vulnerable to crises, such as the current one between Russia and Ukraine, the industry association noted.
According to Fitch Ratings, low inventories, reduced deliveries from Russian giant Gazprom, and increased geopolitical tensions have contributed to the already tight European gas market and prompted the search for additional supplies.
“While Europe will remain reliant on Russian gas supplies in the near term, in the longer term this may lead to a more diversified supplier base and faster energy transition,” Fitch said in an analysis this week.
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