2020年美国原油和天然气探明储量分别下降19%和4%

据全球能源新闻网1月21日报道，疫情后经济放缓的价格影响导致2020年美国石油和天然气储量减少。2020年，原油和伴生气凝析油探明储量减少了90亿桶，下降19%，天然气探明储量减少22万亿立方英尺，下降4%。

要点：

• 截至2020年底，美国原油探明储量和伴生气凝析油探明储量下降19%，从472亿桶降至382亿桶。2020年原油探明储量减少84亿桶，伴生气凝析油探明储量（产自天然气井）减少了5.6 亿桶。

• 2020年美国的原油和伴生气凝析油产量下降了 7%。

•得克萨斯州是原油和伴生气凝析油探明储量最多的州，2020年探明储量净减少量最大(31亿桶，降幅16%)。

•北达科他州净减少量第二大(22亿桶，降幅38%)，联邦墨西哥湾净减少量第三大(8亿桶，降幅16%)。

•2020年，犹他州的原油和伴生气凝析油探明储量净增长最大(9100万桶，增幅为30%)。

天然气要点

•天然气探明储量下降4%，从2019年底的495.4万亿立方英尺降至2020年底的473.3万亿立方英尺。

•这是美国天然气探明储量连续第二年下降。

•2020年，阿拉斯加的生产商增加了大量新探明的天然气储量。2020年，阿拉斯加已探明天然气储量总量增加了27万亿立方英尺，是该州总储量的4倍，从9万亿立方英尺增加到36万亿立方英尺。

•得克萨斯州的生产商报告称，2020年已探明天然气储量下降幅度最大(11万亿立方英尺，降幅9%)。宾夕法尼亚州的天然气探明储量下降幅度位居第二(9.6万亿立方英尺，降幅9%)。

1980年-1996年间，美国的天然气和原油储量稳步下降。1997年，随着运营商引入定向钻井和水力压裂技术的创新，成功增加了页岩地层天然气的探明储量和产量，天然气储量的下降趋势逆转。2008年，当运营商将定向钻井和水力压裂技术应用于致密油层(如Williston盆地的巴肯页岩)时，原油产量的下降趋势发生了逆转。直到2015年，油气行业的储量和产量一直呈上升趋势，但油气行业的价格却出现了大幅下跌，由于较低的价格无法支持运营商对资源开发的预测，因此已探明储量被下调。从2016年到2018年，美国石油和天然气价格和储量均呈每年至少9%的上涨趋势。2019年，这一储量上升趋势中断，2020年，两种燃料的探明储量都出现了下降，与5年前2015年观察到的下降情况类似。

郝芬 译自 全球能源新闻网

原文如下：

US CRUDE OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROVED RESERVES DECLINED 19% AND 4% IN 2020

The price effects of the economic slowdown following the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to reductions in U.S. petroleum and natural gas reserves in 2020. Proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate decreased by 9 billion barrels in 2020, a decline of 19%, and proved reserves of natural gas decreased by just over 22 trillion cubic feet (Tcf), a decline of 4%.

The COVID-19 pandemic had significant effects on the reserves we report in this paper. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Many states imposed mandatory lockdowns and issued stay-at-home orders, and in addition to travel restrictions, people also voluntarily chose not to travel to avoid exposure. Consequently, demand fell for transportation fuels, and fuel prices fell. Liquid fuel production also faced a critical shortage of available storage. Operators revised their proved reserves downward in 2020 and postponed developmental drilling.

Oil highlights

• Proved reserves of U.S. crude oil and lease condensate declined 19%, from 47.2 billion barrels to 38.2 billion barrels at the end of 2020. Proved reserves of crude oil decreased 8.4 billion barrels in 2020, and proved reserves of lease condensate (produced from natural gas wells) decreased by 560 million barrels.

• U.S. production of crude oil and lease condensate decreased by 7% in 2020 .

• Texas, the state with the largest volume of proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate, had the largest net decrease in proved reserves in 2020 (3.1 billion barrels or 16%) .

• North Dakota had the second-largest net decrease (2.2 billion barrels or 38%), and the Federal Offshore Gulf of Mexico experienced the third-largest decline (0.8 billion barrels or 16%).

• The largest net increase in proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate in 2020 was in Utah (91 million barrels or 30%).

Natural gas highlights

• Proved reserves of natural gas decreased 4%, from 495.4 Tcf at year-end 2019 to 473.3 Tcf at year-end 2020.

• This decrease was the second consecutive annual decrease in proved reserves of natural gas in the United States.

• Producers in Alaska added a substantial new volume of proved natural gas reserves in 2020. The annual total of proved natural gas reserves in Alaska increased in 2020 by 27 Tcf, quadrupling the state’s total from 9 Tcf to 36 Tcf.

• Producers in Texas reported the largest decrease in proved reserves of natural gas in 2020 (11 Tcf or 9%). Pennsylvania saw the second-largest decrease of natural gas proved reserves (9.6 Tcf or 9%).

Between 1980 and 1996, U.S. reserves of natural gas and crude oil experienced a steady decline (Figure 1). In 1997, the downward trend for natural gas reserves reversed as operators introduced innovations in directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing techniques that successfully increased proved reserves and production of natural gas from shale formations. In 2008, the downward trend for crude oil reversed when operators applied innovations in directional drilling and hydraulic fracturing to tight oil-bearing formations, such as the Bakken shale of the Williston Basin. The upward reserves and production trends continued until 2015, when the industry experienced a significant drop in prices of both oil and natural gas, and proved reserves were revised downward because the lower prices did not support operators’ projections of resource development. From 2016 to 2018, U.S. oil and natural gas prices and reserves both trended upward by at least 9% each year. In 2019, that trend of rising reserves was interrupted, and in 2020, proved reserves declined for both fuels, similar to the drop observed five years before in 2015.