据油田技术4月6日消息称，自2010年以来，美国的乙烷消费量每年都在增长，目前美国的乙烷消费量超过了航空燃料或丙烷。根据EIA 2022年3月《石油供应月报》的数据，据EIA估计，乙烷的消费量在2021年增加了5万桶/天。据2022年3月的短期能源展望(STEO)预测，到2023年，美国的乙烷消费量将再增加34万桶/天。
自2010年以来，由于对乙烷作为石化原料的需求不断增长，美国乙烷的年消费量每年都在增加。乙烷主要作为石化原料生产乙烯，而乙烯又用于制造塑料和树脂。
过去两年，由于乙烯裂化能力的提高，国内乙烷消费量有所增加。相比之下，由于COVID-19大流行期间旅行减少，大多数其他石油产品的消费量在过去两年有所下降。
尽管2月中旬美国墨西哥湾遭遇冬季风暴，导致超过三分之一的美国乙烯裂化产能停产，但2021年美国乙烷消费量仍在增长。由于美国大约90%的乙烷消费量集中在墨西哥湾沿岸，风暴干扰导致其消费量在2021年2月减少了65.5万桶/天。
EIA预计，在2022年和2023年，美国的乙烷消费量平均为210万桶/天，因为最近在宾夕法尼亚州的Monaca完成了另一个乙烯裂化装置，预计将增加9.6万桶/天的乙烷原料产能，而且预计现有的乙烯裂化装置将以更高的利用率运行。
在美国，裂解乙烷比裂解石脑油生产乙烯具有更高的利润率，乙烯是生产许多树脂和塑料所需的关键成分。乙烷相对较低的成本和较高的乙烯产量，刺激了美国乙烷作为乙烯原料使用的增长，而且在全球范围内也越来越多。尽管石脑油裂解可以产生有价值的副产物，如丙烯、丁二烯、苯、甲苯和二甲苯，但乙烯的需求已经超过了石脑油裂解副产物的需求。
曹海斌 摘译自 油田技术
原文如下：
EIA: ethane consumption continues to grow
Consumption of ethane has grown every year since 2010 in the US, and more ethane is now consumed in the country than either jet fuel or propane. Consumption of ethane, which the EIA estimates using product supplied, grew by 50 000 bpd in 2021, according to data from the EIA's March 2022 Petroleum Supply Monthly. It was forecasted in the March 2022 Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) that by 2023, US consumption of ethane will grow by another 340 000 bpd.
Annual US ethane consumption has increased every year since 2010 because demand for ethane as a petrochemical feedstock has grown. Ethane mainly serves as a petrochemical feedstock to produce ethylene, which is used to make plastics and resins.
Domestic ethane consumption over the past two years has increased due to increased ethylene cracking capacity. In contrast, consumption of most other petroleum products has decreased these past two years as a result of less travel during the COVID-19 pandemic.
US ethane consumption grew in 2021 despite the mid-February winter storm on the US Gulf Coast, which took more than one-third of US ethylene cracking capacity offline. Because about 90% of US ethane consumption is concentrated along the Gulf Coast, storm disruptions reduced its consumption by 655 000 bpd in February 2021.
The EIA expects US ethane consumption to average 2.1 million bpd in both 2022 and 2023 because another ethylene cracker was recently completed in Monaca, Pennsylvania, which will add an estimated 96 000 bpd of ethane feedstock capacity, and because it is expected that existing ethylene crackers will operate at higher utilisation rates.
In the US, cracking ethane has a higher profit margin than cracking naphtha to produce ethylene, a key component needed to produce many resins and plastics. Ethane’s relatively low cost and high ethylene yield have spurred growth in ethane use as an ethylene feedstock in the US and, increasingly, around the world. Although naphtha cracking can yield valuable co-products such as propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, and xylene, demand for ethylene has been outpacing demand for those co-products of naphtha cracking.
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