欧洲最大港口计划成为重要氢气经济枢纽

欧洲最大的港口鹿特丹港将成为未来氢气经济的重要组成部分，它将建成生产、运输和接收天然气的基础设施

鹿特丹港务局计划在填海土地上建造大型电解装置，并使用新的海上风力涡轮机为其提供动力

鹿特丹港还准备从世界各地进口氢气，并研究100多种供应机会来建立出口链

鹿特丹港将赌注押在氢载体投资组合上  

据美国油价网报道，荷兰鹿特丹港这个欧洲最大的港口将成为欧洲新的“氢气经济”的关键枢纽，在它42公里长的港口沿线有许多项目正在进行。鹿特丹港务局和许多港基公司现在正准备在鹿特丹港建立一个完整的本地和国际供需系统所需的基础设施。

不久前，当鹿特丹港市、鹿特丹港务局和南荷兰省与（潜在）出口国家的近70家港口运营商和商业伙伴签署一份联合声明时，他们的信心变得明显。

他们确认，到2030年前，他们有能力每年向欧洲供应至少460万吨氢气。这是他们向欧盟委员会执行副主席弗朗斯·蒂默曼斯提出的“建议”，蒂默曼斯目前正在积极倡导新的REPowerEU战略。欧洲日前突然将其绿色氢气年生产和进口目标提高到2030年的2000万吨。联合声明的签署单位表示，他们可以提供欧盟委员会目标的20%以上。  

联合声明签署单位包括一大批雄心勃勃的港口和工业集团。他们的承诺发生在由英国可持续能源委员会组织的世界氢气峰会和展览会上，这充分展示了鹿特丹港广泛的氢气雄心。

鹿特丹港的全面计划预期了欧洲氢气和氢基燃料的供应和需求。

电解引擎  

鹿特丹港务局和主要行业参与者预计欧洲的氢气需求将会上升。他们在马斯河入海口——鹿特丹——附近的填海土地上建造大型电解槽的大胆计划正在成形。正在开发的新型海上风力涡轮机将为这些大型电解槽提供动力。

荷兰拥有约2吉瓦的海上风力发电能力，这只是该国计划的开始，荷兰计划在北海的大片水域建造风塔，到2030年前创造21吉瓦的海上风力发电能力。其中约有一半目前正在招标。  

鹿特丹用于绿色氢气生产的风能将来自2吉瓦的荷兰库斯特北方风力发电场，这个风力发电场目前由壳牌公司的Croswind财团和荷兰可再生能源开发商Eneco开发。Croswind财团打算在明年年底之前让这个拥有69台涡轮机的风力发电场投入运行。  

面积大约25公顷的填埋场地本身计划作为一个初始的2吉瓦转换园区，包括每个200-300兆瓦的电解装置。壳牌公司、英国石油公司和法国液化空气公司现在都在提议建造电解工厂的团体之列。

壳牌公司正在牵头制定其200兆瓦荷兰氢I项目的计划，该项目将于今年晚些时候做出最终投资决定。它将向位于港口以东约30公里处的壳牌能源和化学园区提供绿色氢气。蒂森克虏伯伍德氯工程技术公司将开发这个电解工厂，并配备大型20兆瓦碱水电解装置。

转换园区的下一个项目是H2-Fifty，这是英国石油公司与荷兰HyCC财团的合资项目。这个250兆瓦的电解设施将为欧洲最大炼油企业英国石油公司和其他港口工业提供绿色氢气。这个预计明年年底实现最终投资决定的项目现在已进入概念阶段。

欧盟要求在鹿特丹港的工业到2035年前实现净零碳排放，因此鹿特丹港的持续扩建应该会获得动力。鹿特丹港务局预计，占地25公顷的鹿特丹港的海上风力发电能力最终将扩大到20吉瓦，使其成为迄今为止欧洲最大的电解生产基地。预计2026年以后投标数量将会增加。

管道连线  

鹿特丹港希望本地生产和进口绿色氢气和蓝色氢气。鹿特丹港打算以氨和LOHC氢技术的形式进口氢气，并将其转化为氢和氢基燃料的组合。这些燃料需要在港口内和港口外方便运输。

一条开放获取的地下管道将服务于新的电解园区，同时连接以港口为基础的工业和位于港口42公里长沿线的10个独立进口码头。  

目前有两个氢气管道系统正在开发中。这个港口的专用氢气管道HyTransPort是鹿特丹港和荷兰天然气公用事业公司Gasunie的合资企业，建造工程预计将在明年初开始。

HyTransPort将连接到一个服务于欧洲西北部的扩张管道系统，将鹿特丹港与荷兰其他地区、安特卫普港和德国工业莱茵-鲁尔地区连接起来。这个被称为三角洲走廊的四管道系统将运输氢气、氢基燃料和其他工业气体。

这个项目将于2026年投入运营，项目背后的财团包括鹿特丹港、壳牌公司、英国石油公司、蒂森克虏伯公司、总部位于埃森的电力开发商德国莱茵集团以及其他几家工业集团。

三角洲走廊也将以另一种方式发挥作用，将工业捕获的二氧化碳输送到海底枯竭的气井。 它将促进波托斯项目，这是荷兰正在规划的三个大型碳捕获和储存计划中最先进的项目(每个项目都以三个火枪手中的一个火枪手的名字命名)。

波托斯项目将改造成一个海上天然气平台，每年储存大约250万吨二氧化碳，并将其注入深度超过2000米的枯竭气井中。根据去年签订的一份合同，这个项目将从包括壳牌公司、埃克森美孚公司、法国液化空气公司和空气产品公司在内的以港口为基地的工业中带走二氧化碳，并最终从德国工业中把二氧化碳带走。

这个耗资5亿欧元的项目由一个3个成员组成的公共财团开发，包括鹿特丹港务局、Gasunie和荷兰天然气公用事业公司EBN。这个预计将在今年年内做出最终投资决定的项目将在2025年开始实施。

预计进口量

到2030年前，欧洲对氢气的新需求将远远超过其生产能力。这将需要进口氢气，为世界各地的蓝色氢气和绿色氢气生产商打开了巨大的机会。鹿特丹港务局及其合作伙伴正在为此做好准备。

鹿特丹港务局已经在研究全球大约100多个供应机会，包括美国、南美、中东、非洲和澳大利亚。鹿特丹港务局已与包括冰岛、葡萄牙、摩洛哥、阿曼、南非、乌拉圭、智利、巴西、澳大利亚和加拿大在内的十多个国家进行探索性研究，特别着眼于建立出口链的战略合作机会。  

用于进口商品的基础设施的一个关键部分现在处于设计阶段。ACE终端将建在鹿特丹港，这个终端将作为绿色氢气和蓝色氨气的进口储存终端。它是Gasunie、荷兰终端运营商HES国际公司和港口储存公司荷兰孚宝公司之间的初步协议的主题。Gasunie将把管道连接到现场，最终可能包括一个氨裂解设施。  

李峻 编译自 美国油价网

原文如下：

Europe’s Largest Port Plans To Become A Major Hydrogen Hub

·     The largest port in Europe is set to become a major part of the hydrogen economy of the future, building out infrastructure to produce, transport, and receive the gas.

·     The Rotterdam Port Authority plans to build large electrolysis units on reclaimed land and power them with new offshore wind turbines.

·     The port is also preparing for hydrogen imports from around the world, studying over 100 supply opportunities to establish export chains.

Rotterdam betting on a portfolio of hydrogen carriers

Europe’s largest port is poised to become a key hub of a new “hydrogen economy” with numerous projects now underway along its 42-kilometer length. The Port Authority and many port-based companies are now preparing to build the infrastructure required for a complete system of local and international supply and demand converging on Rotterdam. 

Their confidence became apparent last week, when the city, the Port Authority, and South Holland Province signed a joint statement with nearly 70 port-based operators and business partners in (potentially) exporting countries. 

They affirmed their ability to supply Europe with at least 4.6 Mt of hydrogen annually by 2030. It was their ‘offer’ to European Commission executive vice-president Frans Timmermans, now actively advocating for the new REPowerEU strategy. Europe suddenly raised its goal for green hydrogen production and import to 20 Mt/yr by 2030. The Rotterdam signers are saying they can provide more than 20% of the European Commission’s target. 

Among the signers were a wide array of ports and industrial groups with hydrogen ambitions. Their commitment occurred during the World Hydrogen Summit & Exhibition organized by the UK-based Sustainable Energy Council, which put Rotterdam’s wide-ranging hydrogen ambitions on full display. 

The port’s comprehensive initiatives anticipate both supply and demand of hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels. 

Electrolysis engine

The Rotterdam Port Authority and major industry players are anticipating a rise in hydrogen demand in Europe. Their bold initiative to build large electrolysis units on reclaimed land near the mouth of the Maas River – the Maasvlakte – is taking shape. New offshore wind turbines now under development will power them. 

The Netherlands has approximately 2GW offshore wind capacity, which is just the beginning of the country’s plan to fill large swathes of its North Sea waters with wind towers, creating 21GW of offshore wind power by 2030. about half of this is currently tendered. 

Wind energy for green hydrogen production on Maasvlakte will come with guarantees of origin from the 2GW Hollandse Kust Noord Wind Farm offshore site, now being developed by the CrossWind consortium of Shell and the Dutch renewable energy developer Eneco. The consortium intends to have the 69-turbine wind farm operational by the end of next year. 

The site itself, approximately 25 hectares of filled-in land, is planned for an initial 2GW conversion park, consisting of electrolysis units of 200-300MW each. Shell, BP, and Air Liquide are among the groups now proposing to build the electrolysis factories. 

Shell is taking the lead with plans for its 200MW Hydrogen Holland I project, now subject to investment decision later this year. It will supply green hydrogen to Shell’s Energy and Chemicals Park which operates some 30 kilometers further east of the port. ThyssenKrupp Uhde Chlorine Engineers will develop the plant with its large-scale 20MW alkaline water electrolysis units. 

The conversion park’s next project is H2-Fifty, a BP joint venture with the Dutch consortium HyCC. This 250MW electrolysis facility will supply green hydrogen to BP RR – the largest oil refinery in Europe – and other port industries. Now in the conceptual phase, the project anticipates FID by end of next year. 

Continued expansion of the Maasvlakte site should gain momentum from EU mandates, which will require the port’s industries to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2035. The Port Authority anticipates the 25-hectare Maasvlakte site to eventually expand to 20GW capacity, making it by far the largest electrolysis production site in Europe. A ramp-up of tendering is anticipated after 2026. 

Pipeline connectors

Rotterdam wants local production and import of both green and blue hydrogen. The port aims to import hydrogen in the form of ammonia and LOHC, and to transfer this to a portfolio of hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels. These will need to move easily within the port and far beyond. 

An open-access underground pipeline will serve the new electrolysis park while connecting to port-based industries and the ten independent import terminals located along the port’s 42-km length. 

There are two hydrogen pipeline systems now in development. HyTransPort, the port’s dedicated hydrogen pipeline, is a joint venture of the Port of Rotterdam and the Dutch natural gas utility Gasunie. Construction is anticipated to start early next year. 

HyTransPort will connect to an expansive pipeline system serving northwest Europe, linking the Port of Rotterdam to the rest of the Netherlands, the Port of Antwerp, and the industrial Rhine-Ruhr region in Germany. Called the Delta Corridor, this 4-pipeline system will transport hydrogen, hydrogen-based fuels, and other industrial gasses. 

To be operational in 2026, the consortium behind the project includes the Port of Rotterdam, Shell, BP, ThyssenKrupp, the Essen-based power developer RWE, and several other industrial groups. 

The Delta Corridor will also work the other way, carrying captured CO2 from industries to depleted gas wells undersea. It will facilitate the Portos project, the most advanced of three large carbon capture and storage schemes being planned in The Netherlands (each named after one of the Three Musketeers!). 

Portos will repurpose an offshore natural gas platform, to store approximately 2.5 Mt of CO2 per year, taking it to the depleted gas wells more than 2 km deep. It will carry away CO2 from port-based industries including Shell, ExxonMobil, Air Liquide, and Air Products, according to a contract signed last year, and eventually from industries in Germany. 

The €500m project is being developed by a three-member public consortium including the Port Authority, Gasunie, and the Dutch natural gas utility EBN. FID is expected this year, with the operation to begin in 2025. 

Anticipating imports

Europe’s new requirement of 20 Mt/yr of hydrogen by 2030 will far exceed its capacity to produce such quantities. It will require imports, opening enormous opportunities for producers of blue and green hydrogen worldwide. The Port Authority and its partners are positioning for this. 

The Rotterdam Port Authority is already studying some 100 supply opportunities around the globe, in the US, South America, the Middle East, Africa, and Australia. It has been in exploratory studies with more than ten countries, including Iceland, Portugal, Morocco, Oman, South Africa, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Australia, and Canada, looking specifically at opportunities for strategic cooperation to establish export chains. 

A key piece of infrastructure for imports is now in the design stage. The ACE terminal, to be built on the Maasvlakte, will serve as an import storage terminal for green and blue ammonia. It is the subject of an initial agreement between Gasunie, Dutch terminal operator HES International, and the port-based storage firm Vopak. Gasunie will connect the pipeline to the site, which may eventually include an ammonia cracker facility.