来自天然气的氢气可以显著减少美国的碳排放

据美国钻井网站2022年10月18日报道，美国石油学会(API)进行的一项研究发现，从天然气中提取的氢气可以显著减少美国的二氧化碳排放。  

API表示，到2050年，使用碳捕获技术从天然气中生产的氢气，以及通过电力和其他能源生产提取的氢气，平均每年可额外减少1.8亿吨温室气体的排放，到2050年，根据每减少一吨温室气体的排放统一提供氢气奖励，累计可节省超过4500亿美元。

API负责公司政策的副总裁艾伦·帕迪利亚表示：“我们的行业致力于推进低碳氢气等创新技术，这对整个经济领域减少温室气体排放至关重要。”“与政策制定者合作，鼓励所有形式的低碳氢，并通过两党基础设施法下的项目加速氢气生产，我们可以减少二氧化碳排放，同时确保美国消费者能够获得他们所需的可靠能源。”

API对研究结果的分析表明，统一鼓励利用天然气、电力和其他能源生产氢气，对于实现美国能源部在最近发布的《国家清洁氢战略和路线图》中提出的到2050年前生产5000万吨清洁氢气的目标至关重要。

该报告声称，如果每吨减排的激励措施都是相同的，那么到2050年前，美国氢气市场的规模可能是不平等对待减排时的3倍。到2050年，氢气市场可能占最终用途能源总消费的15%。 

通过统一的激励措施产生的更大的氢气经济，到2050年，美国平均每年可以减少1.83亿吨的温室气体排放，而不是通过不均衡的激励措施来利用低成本的选择，比如利用碳捕获从天然气中生产氢气。API表示，鼓励所有氢气生产相当于每年减少超过3800万辆汽车的排放。  

此外，在研究期间，统一的激励措施可以使减少每吨碳排放的成本平均每年减少12%，到2050年累计节省超过4500亿美元。 

研究发现，关键的氢气基础设施，如氢气储存设施、氢气输送管道和当地氢气分配系统，将需要释放氢气的潜力，为显著减少温室气体排放作出贡献。到2050年前，氢气基础设施项目的资本投资可能超过4000亿美元，其中包括长达6.7万英里的氢气输送管道、50万英里的客户支线管道和当地分配公司管道/服务线的建设，以及560万亿英热单位的地下氢气储存能力。

李峻 编译自 油价网

原文如下：

Hydrogen From Natural Gas Key For U.S. Emissions Reduction

An American Petroleum Institute (API) study found that hydrogen produced from natural gas could significantly decrease U.S. emissions.

The API said that hydrogen produced from natural gas with carbon capture and produced from electricity and other energy sources could eliminate an additional 180 million metric tons of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on average per year through 2050 and save over $450 billion cumulatively through 2050 when hydrogen incentives are uniformly provided based on a per ton of GHG emissions reduced.

“Our industry is committed to advancing innovative technologies like low-carbon hydrogen, which are crucial to reducing GHG emissions economy-wide,” said API Vice President of Corporate Policy Aaron Padilla. “Working together with policymakers to incentivize all forms of low-carbon hydrogen and accelerate hydrogen production through programs under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, we can drive down emissions while ensuring American consumers have access to the reliable energy they need.”

API analysis of the study’s findings shows that uniform incentives for producing hydrogen from natural gas, electricity, and other energy sources are critical to meeting the U.S. Department of Energy goal of 50 million metric tons of clean hydrogen produced by 2050, as laid out in the recently published National Clean Hydrogen Strategy and Roadmap.

The report claimed that when every ton of emission reductions was incentivized the same, the U.S. hydrogen market could be three times larger by 2050 than when emission reductions are treated unequally. The hydrogen market could be 15% of total end-use energy consumption in 2050 versus 4% of total end-use energy consumption in 2050.

The larger hydrogen economy resulting from uniform incentives could avoid an additional 183 million metric tons of U.S. GHG emissions on average per year through 2050 than if incentives were unevenly implemented by taking advantage of low-cost options, like hydrogen produced from natural gas with carbon capture. Enabling incentives for all hydrogen production is equivalent to eliminating the emissions from more than 38 million cars annually, API said.

Also, uniform incentives could reduce the cost of mitigating a metric ton of carbon by an average of 12% annually over the study period, saving over $450 billion cumulatively through 2050.  

The study found that critical hydrogen infrastructure, like hydrogen storage, pipelines, and local distribution systems, will be required to unleash hydrogen’s potential to contribute to significant GHG emissions reductions. Capital investment in hydrogen infrastructure projects could exceed $400 billion by 2050 and include the construction of 67,000 miles of hydrogen transmission pipeline, 500,000 miles of customer laterals and local distribution company pipeline/service lines, and 560 trillion Btu of hydrogen underground storage capacity.